What causes the inflammation of the nail fold?

What causes the inflammation of the nail fold?

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Inflammation of the nail fold, also known as paronychia, is an infection of the skin around the nail, typically affecting the toenails. It occurs when bacteria or fungi enter through small cuts or injuries near the nail fold. This condition can develop rapidly (acute paronychia) or gradually over time (chronic paronychia). Acute paronychia is often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, while chronic cases are usually the result of a fungal infection, particularly Candida.

Symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain around the nail, and in some cases, pus may accumulate under the skin. The area becomes tender, making it difficult to walk or wear shoes comfortably. If left untreated, the infection can spread further, leading to more severe complications such as abscess formation or permanent damage to the nail.

Risk factors for developing paronychia include frequent exposure to water or irritating substances, nail-biting, and poorly fitted footwear that causes trauma to the nail area. People with diabetes or compromised immune systems are also more prone to this type of infection.

Treatment varies depending on the severity of the infection. In mild cases, soaking the affected toe in warm water several times a day can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Antibiotic or antifungal creams may be prescribed to treat the infection, and in more severe cases, oral antibiotics or antifungals may be necessary. If an abscess has formed, a healthcare professional may need to drain it to prevent further complications.

Preventive measures include keeping the feet clean and dry, avoiding trauma to the nail area, and wearing properly fitting shoes. It’s also important to trim nails carefully and avoid habits like nail-biting or cutting the cuticles too aggressively. If the infection persists or worsens, seeking medical attention is crucial to prevent long-term damage to the nail or surrounding tissues.

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